In a German declarative sentence the subject is often at the beginning of the sentence, followed by the verb. If the sentence has an object, it follows the verb.
Some sentences have just one object.
Examples:
Ich öffne den Umschlag. (accusative object)
Sie werden das Orakel nie finden! (accusative object)
Der Umschlag gehört mir. (dative object)
But some sentences can have more than one object.
Gib | mir | den Umschlag. | ||
Dativobjekt | Akkusativobjekt |
The order of the objects in a sentence depends on whether the object is a noun, noun phrase (i.e. a noun + words that modify the noun, such as an article or adjective) or a pronoun.
In this case, the following word order usually applies:
If both objects are nouns or noun phrases, then the dative object usually precedes the accusative object.
Harry gibt | Anna | den Umschlag. | ||
dative object noun |
accusative object noun phrase |
Anderson gibt | dem Mann | die Informationen. | ||
dative object noun phrase |
accusative object noun phrase |
If the object is replaced by a pronoun, then the pronoun precedes the noun or noun phrase.
Gib | mir | den Umschlag! | ||
dative object pronoun |
accusative object noun phrase |
Anderson hat Informationen. Er gibt | sie | Harry. | ||
accusative object pronoun |
dative object noun |
If pronouns are used to replace both objects, then the accusative object precedes the dative object.
Examples:
Anderson hat Informationen.
Gib mir den Umschlag!
Er gibt | sie | dir. | ||
Gib | ihn | mir! | ||
accusative object pronoun |
dative object pronoun |